America s The American Dream - 1277 Words

Everyone has different interpretations of what the American dream is, but we all can agree that it is a concept that provides us with the hope for a better life. It is a dream of experiencing life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To some people, the American dream is about being wealthy, practicing liberty, to believe in any religion, and to have better opportunities in life. Throughout history, many immigrants have migrated to America because they want to begin a new life and achieve the American Dream. Many can debate that the American dream is not realistic.The United States has decreased its popularity in recent decades. For this reason, many do not think that they can attain â€Å"The American Dream,† but for many this dream is†¦show more content†¦Philippine immigration began with colonization of the Philippines as a U.S. territory. When the Philippines gained its independence from the U.S. it left an impression on the Filipino people. Many Filipinos felt that immigrating to the U.S. would be an opportunity to live a life like the Americans who left an impression in their hearts. The Americans taught the filipinos a common language like English, a culture of modernism, and most of all a life to live freely. Due to the problem of poverty and lack of free education, Filipinos lean towards migrating to the U.S. as part of their American dream. My mother is just like many other immigrants. She dreamed of a having a better life, with a promise of a good future and ed ucation for her children. Although she knew that she would face many challenges down the road. She still embarked on the journey, boldy, and driven by the hope of her American dream. With the process of trying to achieve the â€Å"American Dream,† she had given our family many things that money couldn’t buy. She taught us how to be strong, faithful, and to never give up on our dreams. Even though her life was so simple back then, she never stopped dreaming big and always showed passion and drive in anything. In fact, she graduated Pharmacy and became the top Notcher of the board exam in the Philippines. Moreover, she migrated to America because of the lack of job opportunities and low wages in the Philippines, she felt that the only chance for our familyShow MoreRelatedAmerica s The American Dream1537 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica the beautiful. From one shining sea to another lies this relatively adolescent country. A country that is filled with a set of ideals in whi ch freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success. It is the belief that, no matter how poor you begin life, you can achieve upward social mobility for your family and children. Many people believe that rising social mobility and success is possible in America for everyone due to American social, economic, and political system. ThroughoutRead MoreAmerica s The American Dream1974 Words   |  8 Pagescountries come to America hoping to achieve the â€Å"American dream.† They see flashy cars, big houses, and expensive iPhones and equate that to fulfilling the faà §ade of the â€Å"American Dream†. What foreigners don’t know is that to fulfill the American Dream simply means to have the opportunity to achieve. America is a country founded on freedom and opportunity, the belief that anything is attainable. American media will show expensive cars and luxury homes but fail to publicize the homeless Americans sitting outsideRead MoreThe American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerlad832 Words   |  4 Pagesin America has their own American Dream. These dreams may vary from having a family or becoming a rich business person. The American dream was strongest in our country during the start of the 1920s. America was just beginning to triumph over poverty. People were becoming more successful as a country. Carrie Latet once said, May I never wake up from the American dream. Along with Carrie, this was the wish of the vast majority of America. In 1929, the Great Depression hit and many Americans didRead MoreThe American Dream By Thomas Wolfe1750 Words   |  7 Pagesmove to the United States of America looking for the American Dream; flexibility, uniformity, and the chance to accomplish their own objectives in life that they couldn t generally accomplish in their country. The American Dream is the quest for flourishing furthermore, opportunity that drives individuals to push their own particular points of confinement and continue on so as to lead fruitful lives and accomplish whatever objectives they set. The American Dream is a reality; each residentRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1130 Words   |  5 Pagesof the American Dream. The American Dream has changed dramatically over the few centuries. During the Founding Fathers’ time, many believed the American Dream meant freedom, equality, and mutual respect. Time has changed this ideology of the American Dream, which is now seen as owning a million dollar mansion with multiple luxury cars. This isn’t the case for many immigrants who come to the Americas to have a better life for themselves and their family. To many of them, the American Dream is as simpleRead MoreThe American Dream in Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pages Of Mice And Men explores the ways in which both immigrants and Americans tried to conquer and obtain their goal in life, which in this case was to try and attain their own the American Dream. I will also explores ways in how the American Dream is central to the novel and how Steinbeck reflects the society at the time. In the early 1900s the object that determined the wealth of a family, the object that was mentioned in every conversation all over the world andRead MoreWho Stole The American Dream?1108 Words   |  5 PagesAre we chasing after a dream that no longer exist? While reading Who Stole the American Dream? by Hedrick Smith and The Next America by Paul Taylor, I started to ponder this concept of the American Dream. The American Dream has been central to America s identity for centuries now, it is a concept in which people have the freedom of opportunity for prosperity and success, and through hard work the ability to move up in social class. In Smith s book he argues that due to the consolidation of wealthRead MoreThe American Dream1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream The meaning of the American Dream has changed over the course of history, and includes both personal components (such as home ownership and upward mobility) and a global vision. Historically the Dream originated in the mystique regarding frontier life. As the Royal Governor of Virginia noted in 1774, the Americans for ever imagine the Lands further off are still better than those upon which they are already settled. He added that, if they attained Paradise, they would moveRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1599 Words   |  7 Pagesaround his time of life. Fitzgerald lived during the Roaring 20’s and recorded many important events and themes that occurred around him. One of Fitzgerald’s most popular novels is named The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is written to reproduce the environment that Fitzgerald was living in. This semiautobiographical work uses fictitious characters to portray how people around Fitzgerald acted and what the overall theme of America was at this point in time. The years that ensued World War I wereRead MorePoverty And The American Dream919 Words   |  4 Pagespoverty rate among children was 16.2% (Reef 253)! Poverty is a relevant issue that isn t going away. It s ruining minds and lives at the same time. Poverty changes how people view the American Dream, achieve the American Dream, and even affect how people s brains work and develop. With all of the media s hatred of poor people, it must affect their self-confidence and how they view the American Dream. Through her experience, Jennifer Mayer has noticed that very problem. While working in the soup kitchen

Defying Society Expectations Free Essays

Society’s expectations often conflict with the views and standpoints of the individuals in these societies. The three novels, Anna Karenina, Catch-22, and The Dark Child illustrate the torture endured by the characters that fight for righteous causes against an enemy of monstrous magnitude – society. The protagonist in each novel helps to present the author’s specific criticisms of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Defying Society Expectations or any similar topic only for you Order Now By depicting and emphasizing the plight of each main character, the authors were able to achieve the effect of demonstrating what they considered to be the shortcomings of society. Through their struggles, the three characters develop an â€Å"inner good† through demonstrating a defining human quality – the ability to stand for one’s beliefs regardless of the obstacles that stand in their way. The double standard that women faced in Russian society is illustrated in the novel Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy. Rarely in literature does a female character endure as much misery and pain as Anna Karenina. Anna is a depiction of the modern woman trapped in the unfortunate settings of 19th century Russia. Imprisoned in the traditional roles of women, Anna is prevented from living the life she needs to live and loving the man she desires. She does not love her husband, Alexey Alexandrovich Karenin, but is forced under the pressure of society to appear as though she does. â€Å"The Karenins, husband and wife, continued living in the same house, met every day, but were complete strangers to one another. Aleksey Aleksandrovich made it a rule to see his wife every day†¦ (373) She rejects the conventional expectations of women by committing unfaithful acts against the will of society as represented by her husband and by refusing to have children after she and Vronsky begin living together. By doing so, Anna fails to fulfill the ultimate female duty and in effect breaks the ostentatious cycle of birth, life and death. Her situation is the result of society’s sexist double standard. Tolstoy makes a clear and distinctive illustration of the double standard by comparing Anna’s situation with that of her brother’s, Stiva Oblonsky. Stiva, in the very beginning of the novel is caught having an affair with the French governess. Despite destroying his household, he continues his normal routine without regretting his affair. When Anna’s affair with Vronsky is exposed however, Anna faces a tremendous amount of scrutiny and criticism from the members of Russian high society. â€Å"The highest Petersburg society is essentially one: in it everyone knows everyone else, everyone even visits everyone else. (135) Her situation, unlike that of her brother’s shows the double standard by which the sins committed by men are ignored while women in similar situations are unfairly punished. Anna is victimized by her desire to live a life of free will. She identifies the injustices of her society and therefore chooses to betray the â€Å"proper† role of women. As a result, Anna suffers, brutally defeated by the constrictions imposed by society. Yossarian, the protagonist in the novel Catch-22 written by Joseph Heller, similar to Anna Karenina, also faces a conflict against society’s ridiculous constraints. Like Anna, Yossarian chooses a path of defiance and disobedience against a society that does not recognize the individuality and free will of a human being. In Catch-22, soldiers are treated like puppets in a war with an undefined purpose and meaning. This loss of individuality and appreciation for life is illustrated in several elements of the story. A primary example of this theme of loss is demonstrated in the character of Colonel Cathcart who’s one and only aspiration is to become a general. â€Å"Colonel Cathcart wanted to be a general so desperately he was willing to try anything†¦ e had raised the number of missions to sixty†¦ † (186) His approach in becoming general involves increasing the number of required missions his men are to fly thus making it impossible for his men to fulfill the requirement. Cathcart also volunteers specific men for dangerous missions so as to enhance his squadron’s record which in effect boosts his ranking. Cathcart clearly has no value or appreciation for the lives of his men and is only concerned with his own prestige. This theme of loss appears again in the character of Lieutenant Schiesskopf, Yossarian’s commanding officer in California. Schiesskopf organizes tiresome Sunday parades for the men in his squadron. He becomes obsessively fond of parades to the point where he sees his men more as puppets than as human beings. â€Å"He manipulated boxes of chocolate soldiers until they melted in his hands and then he maneuvered in ranks of twelve a set of plastic cowboys†¦ † (67) He even wants to wire them together so that their movements will be perfectly precise. Yossarian is an individual trapped in a society that has no concern or regard for his life. â€Å"Morale was deteriorating and it was all Yossarian’s fault. The country was in peril; he was jeopardizing his traditional rights of freedom and independence by daring to exercise them. † (415) He identifies these flaws in this system and refuses to accept them. He attempts to escape the war through feigning illness and insanity. His efforts are only partially successful and after each attempt he is eventually forced to return to duty. Finally, Yossarian is offered a deal by Colonel Korn. Korn is willing to send Yossarian home under the condition that he presents a fine account of the war effort to those in the U. S. Yossarian is neither willing to die for the glory of the commanding officers of whom he despises, nor is he willing to falsely support an effort for which he is opposed to. Therefore he escapes to Sweden under the assistance of the chaplain. The Dark Child written by Camara Laye, is an autobiography describing a conflict similar to that of Yossarian’s and Anna’s in which Laye had to struggle against the deep cultural beliefs and sacred traditions of his African village. â€Å"†¦ because in the country everyone knows everyone else-are more strictly regulated. (21) The village that Laye grows up in celebrates many sacred ceremonies that help to demonstrate the powerful cultural values that bind together the members of this community. One of the most fascinating traditions celebrated by the village deals with the symbolic ceremony of circumcision emblematic of the passage into manhood for young men. â€Å"When I had left her I was still a child†¦ Now I was a man! † (131) This festival of circumcision lasts for weeks as the young men prepare for manhood by isolating themselves from their families to eventually rejoice in an e laborate dancing festival. The extravagance of such rituals demonstrates the intensity of the customs that define Laye’s community. This community functions as if all its members are part of an extended family. The people work together in an intricate network which strives toward the common goal of preserving the welfare of the village. This system is so intricately woven that each individual’s actions have a substantial effect on the interests of the village. This is therefore the reason why careful consideration is made for every major decision confronted to the members of the village. When Laye considers studying abroad, he is faced with the tremendous pressure of his family and from the members of his community to stay home. Laye’s mother applies an particularly significant amount of pressure and stress on Laye. This causes Laye to contemplate his decision more thoroughly. â€Å"You’ll stay right here. Your place is here†¦ What are they thinking about at the school? Do they imagine I’m going to live my whole life apart from my son? † she cried. (184) Laye held his mother in a high regard for her unique and mystical character which â€Å"†¦ was due also to the strange powers she possessed. (69) Having a high regard for his mother’s wishes and a respect for the village system put Laye in an extremely conflicting situation as he was trying to make his decision to study abroad. Nonetheless, like Anna and Yossarian, Laye did not let society’s constrictions decide the outcome of his life. He pursued his ambitions despite defying the wishes of his mothers and the traditions and standards of his society. Anna, Yossarian, and Laye have stories that illustrate the unifying theme of â€Å"inner good†. These three characters demonstrate and define this premise through their interactions within the societies that they live in. Their struggles define â€Å"inner good† as the ability to pursue one’s ambitions and aspirations regardless of the obstacles that stand in their way. These characters fought phenomenal battles against resistances of immeasurable proportions – society. In the process of their struggles, they were forced to sacrifice the values of their societies and were forced to rebel against what they were previously made to believe as normal. Though some did not ultimately achieve success, it is their actual efforts that mark their righteousness of their pursuits. How to cite Defying Society Expectations, Papers

A Year In The Life Of Elementary School †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Year In The Life Of Elementary School. Answer: A Year in the life of elementary school This is a critique of a qualitative research article titled: A Year in the Life of an Elementary School: One Schools Experiences in Meeting New Mathematics Standards. It was written by Karen Dorgan in 2004. The main purpose of the study was to examine changes in the state's standards of learning and how it affected pedagogical decision making, teaching and learning, and methods of instruction and evaluation. Therefore, this critique is based on, my interpretation of the article as an example of a qualitative study. It will focus on the statement of interest, methods, research questions, findings, rigor, strengths, and weaknesses. Statement of interest The study was directed at an elementary school in the state of Virginia and the efforts it was making adapting to the changes in standards for education learning in the state (Dorgan, 2004). The purpose was clearly indicated in the abstract section. She stated that the purpose of the research was to attempt to understand how, and to what extent their [the faculty and administration of this particular elementary school] decisions about instruction were influenced by the Standards of Learning and the state tests (Dorgan, 2004). Similarly, the focus of the study was explicitly and clearly stated in the abstract. She stated that the primary focus of the study was on the Mathematics programme at the school and strategies the school applied in an attempt to raise students mathematics test scores. Methods Dorgan conducted a non-participatory case study from the school year 1999-2000. During this period, she used ethnographic analysis as a method of triangulating data. She used all the three forms of qualitative data collection methods-interviewing, observation, and data analysis. Various themes emerged during the process of data collection and she recorded all of them in the data results section in the report (Dorgan, 2004). In qualitative research, it is important to point out the themes that became clear to you while you were conducting your study (Lewis, 2015). Similarly, they also it also helps developing research hypothesis. Rigor Indeed, Dorgan explained how rigor was assured in her research. The study is valid because Dorgan used of qualitative data collection methods. It was credible because of both data collection methods and excerpts from the report showed that the author maintained focus in her research. Further, the conformability of the study is ensured by the provision of excerpts from interviews (Dorgan, 2004). Lastly, transferability is ensured through the reference to literature in the literature review section. Strengths The report outlined findings and conclusions that were related to the research questions. For example, Dorgan found that the effects of political decisions on teaching and learning were generally negative in this case (Dorgan, 2004). This answered the research question on the effect of politics on pedagogy. Weaknesses Although I found this study satisfactory as a qualitative research, there were some elements that it lacked. For example, the author failed to provide an explanation of the data collection processes (Babbie, 2015). Similarly, the article lacked sufficient background literature. Characteristics of good nursing care by Athlin and Hedelin This qualitative research was conducted in 2007 by Athlin Hedelin and Hov R. The two examined what constitutes quality care for ICU patients. In this paper, I analyze and critique the article using the elements of a qualitative research study as my basis. I will focus on the statement of interest, methods, findings, rigor, strengths, and weaknesses. Statement of interest The purpose of the study was clearly and explicitly outlined in the abstract section. The statement was clear and unpresumptuous. Additionally, it was supported by data on an understanding of the features of good nursing care for patients in ICU (Hov, 2007). The statement of interest was further developed in the introduction section where the authors acknowledge the conflicts that had occurred regarding this topic because of lack of specialty in a particular field. Methods In this section, I will provide my critique of the research methodology. Specifically, I will provide my analysis and interpretation of sampling and procedures used in data collection.The participants were chosen randomly from well-known nursing institutions in the region. They invited 37 nurses to participate (Hov, 2007). Similarly, they randomly chose 19 nurses as respondents. However, out of this, only 14 nurses participated. Findings The findings of the research are explicitly and clearly provided. The researchers mentioned findings of the study that support the aim and clarifies their interpretation of the topic (Flick, 2015). For example, they identified competence as one of the features that make up quality care for patients in ICU (AACN, 2015). Additionally, they provided the limitations and recommendations for further research on nurses communication through patients bodies. Rigor From my assessment, the study lacked a variety of rigor criteria. For example, regarding conformability, the study only mentioned feedback from the interview. There was no clear indication of the description of the timing and information provided by the respondents (Hov, 2007). Nonetheless, the study ensured transferability through the use of interviewing and questionnaire administration as a method of data collection. Also, the research ensured credibility through data collection processes, research questions, and provision of analysis of literature by other authors on the topic. Strengths One of the strong points of this study was its sampling technique. I found it convenient and containing low external validity. This is because it was participant selected (Hov, 2007). Thus, it was based on the latters convenience, schedule, willingness to talk about experiences and open. Similarly, the results section clearly depicted the findings of the research (Brock, 2013). The use of statistical diagrams like charts and bar-graphs provide an excellent visualization of the findings and connection to the interest of the study. Additionally, the researchers managed to exploit the aim of having a deepened understanding in features of nursing care for ICU patients through providing family members, nurse and patient perspectives. Weaknesses I realized that the writing of the methodology sections lacked clarity. Nevertheless, it helped in building a whole picture for the context of the study (Greenberg, 2012). Also, the research could not be considered fully representative because the participants were chosen based on criteria which excluded some nurses who may have been helpful to the credibility and transferability of the research. Missed Nursing Care This is a critique of a qualitative study on the quality of nursing care entitled: Missed Nursing Care. It was written by Beatrice Kalisch in 2006. The aim of the study was to investigate the reasons why nurses do not complete nursing care. One of the things I noted is that the title was quite ambiguous. Missed care can mean many things. Similarly, although the phenomenon being studied was clear, the author did not indicate the population concerned. Therefore, from the start, it was not clear who was being studied. The following is my critique of the qualitative study in terms of the statement of interest, methods, findings, rigor, strengths, and weaknesses. Statement of interest The aim of the study was explicitly indicated in the abstract section. This was accompanied by some background information on care in medical health institutions. The two research questions were indicated as well (Kalisch, 2006). However, the abstract was too short to provide sufficient information regarding the story. It contained 71 words. Abstracts should be between 100 and 200 words (Schreier, 2012). This range is enough to summarize the main points to be covered in the subsequent sections (NCP, 2012). Methods The research design, sample, processes, and data were clearly explained in the methodology section. The researcher used interviewing as the main method of data collection. Although acceptable, the research should have applied observation and group participation. According to the grounded theory, the exclusive use of interviews is discouraged to avoid bias and inflexibility (Creswell, 2013). Similarly, the procedures were clearly defined and recorded hence leaving no room for bias. Findings Kalisch frequently used quotes from the group interviews when describing her research findings. Various themes came out during data regarding the reasons why nurses cannot effectively perform their roles. By listing and discussing them, the author makes the research informing and diversified (Flink, 2013). Additionally, the themes and findings were put in a logical and organized way. This way, it was easier to understand what the findings implied regarding the research questions. Further, by providing interpretation and recommendations, the author shows how the study can be put to practice in daily lives. Rigor The main criteria used to determine rigor in research contains credibility, transferability, verifiability, and validity. The research was enhanced by two different researchers independently. Qualitative research analysis software assisted in eliminating implied views and opinions of the researcher. Also, the study outlines specific themes and criteria used to ensure that they were arrived at from the group interviews. However, the research did not provide coding of the interviews thus the transferability aspect of the study was compromised. Nevertheless, the research met the standards of rigor. Strengths The study had direct quotations from participants. It provided an insightful description of reasons why nurses in most healthcare institutions provide missed care. Also, from reviewing the article, it was clear that the researcher had a vast experience in the nursing field. This made the study credible (Schreier, 2012). Additionally, the author provided recommendations for further inquiry on the topic through providing a list of questions. Weaknesses Although the study was met most of the obligations in qualitative research, there were some aspects that should have been adhered to. For example, the grounded theory advises researchers to rely on various data collection methods to ensure validity. Being that this study relied only on group interviews, it is likely that some participants did withhold information for fear of victimization (Vertino, 2014). Nursing Pain Management in Cancer Patients This is a critique of a qualitative interview study by Gaard, Rustoen, and Wahl in 2009 entitled:Nursing pain management a qualitative interview study of patients with pain, hospitalized for cancer treatment. The research was done in an excellent way and through it, the reader gets to know about pain experience among cancer patients and how it could be managed by health personnel. Below is a critique of the qualitative research based on the statement of interest, methods, findings, rigor, strengths, and weaknesses. Statement of interest The purpose of the study is stated in the abstract section. This is accompanied by a brief description of background information onpain management in cancer patients (T Gaardsrud, 2009). This includes statistics on cover inpatients, outpatients, outpatients and those whose treatments were not feasible anymore (Andrews, 2016). Although the introduction provided sufficient information on the purpose, a large portion of literature was irrelevant to the research questions. Methods The following is an assessment of the research regarding sampling and research design. The study utilized a sample of cancer patients. The authors stated that this sample the population according to their convenience (T Gaardsrud, 2009). However, it is not clear how they came to arrive at the number of participants. To ensure that the participant had a pain problem, the study used medical chart review and inclusion outline (T Gaardsrud, 2009). This provided sufficiently for the selection method. Findings Tables were used to represent data in this section. Table 2provided demographic characteristics and numerical pain ratings collected from interviews (T Gaardsrud, 2009). Although the information on this table was relevant, to me, it did not have much weight on the findings of the research since it represented patients experience in one day. Nevertheless, the data analysis and interpretation section were clearly stated thus it provided pain relief themes with appropriate examples. Rigor The researcher reviewed content by other authors on this content. This helped in answering the research questions hence making the research credible. Similarly, the patients interviews were coded to ensure they can be retrieved for verifiability (Creswell, 2013). Similarly, the statistics on pain relief among cancer patients ensured that the study was transferable. Strengths This research by Gaardsurd and others was conducted and written in a way that provides a good flow. Also, they utilized methods that helped in attaining qualitative rigor. For example, in describing ways of achieving pain relief, the authors provided various themes and examples (T Gaardsrud, 2009). Similarly, the article was easy to understand due to an excellent presentation on pain factors. Weaknesses Admittedly, the research has achieved its aim of educating health practitioners onpain relief management among cancer patients. However, being that the study utilized only one interview makes it to lack verifiability. This aspect is essential in research. Also, there was an insufficient description of patients testimonies regarding pain. The good thing is that the researchers acknowledged this weakness. Thus, they recommended that the research should not be considered as guiding material for pain managers. References AACN. (2015, January 23). Health Reform: Put Patients First. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from American Association of Colleges of Nursing: https://www.aacn.edu/government-affairs Andrews, E. (2016, June 28). Stanford researchers develop new statistical test that shows racial profiling in police traffic stops. Retrieved December 6, 2016, from Stanford news: https://www.news.stanford.edu.com Babbie, E. (2015). The Practice of Social Research. Nelson Education . Brock, A. (2013). Building a model of early years professionalism from practitioners' perspectives. Journal of Early Childhood Research , 27-44. Creswell, J. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative , and mixed methods approach. Sage Publications . Dorgan, K. (2004). A Year in the life of an Elementary School: One School's experiences in Meeting new Mathematics Standards. Teachers College Records . Flick, U. (2015). Introducing Research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing research. Sage Publications. Flink, A. (2013). Conducting research literature reviews: from the Internet to paper. Sage Publications . Greenberg, J. (2012). A plea for methodological diversity. Journal of organizational behaviour , 22-30. Hov, A. E. (2007). Good nursing care to ICU patients on the edge of life. Intensive and Critical care , 331-341. Kalisch, B. (2006). Missed Nursing Care: A Qualitative Research. Journal of Nursing Care , 306-313. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches . Health promotion practice , 473-475. NCP. (2012, May 20). Nursing care plan Dementia of Cardiac dysrhythmias. Retrieved August 10, 2017, from Care Planning-NCP-for nurses: https://www.nursingcareplan.org Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice. Sage , 227-245. T Gaardsrud, M. L. (2009). Nursing painmanagement a qualitative interview study of patients with pain, hospitalized for cancer treatment. Pain Managemen Nursing , 47-55. Vertino, K. (2014). Effective Interpersonal Communication. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing , 5-10.